Introduction to the Criminal Justice System Essay

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example The authority of the agencies involves law deception and law exemption, secret police and other law issues outside power and control of the local law enforcement agencies. The Office of the United States Attorneys is an important body as it represents such institutions as federal government in US district court and the court of appeal. From this perspective, federal law enforcement is essentially a straightforward matter: the law and common sense are all that are required. Bittner remarked that organizations are 'permanently flooded with petty military and bureaucratic regulations' Legalism is closely linked to the conception of police organizations as effective bureaucracies. The federal judiciary consists of the Circuit Courts and permanent appellate court for each circuit. Today, 94 courts are established around the country. The federal judiciary is headed by the chief judge of the court of appeal. There are 12 circuits in the USA, and each of these courts has its own court of appeal. This can get complicated because more than one person may have control over an area. People unfamiliar with the legal system may also find the concept of standing complicated. Generally, people must have had their own rights violated before they can object in court (Koletar, 2005).

Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay Example for Free

Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay Are there medicinal benefits of marijuana? Could there really be more to the cannabis plant than â€Å"getting high? † Yes, the cannabis (scientific name for â€Å"marijuana†) plant does in fact have medical uses, and there is much more to this extraordinary plant than consuming it to experience its psychoactive effects. However, most Americans are unaware of the present day medicinal applications of cannabis. From migraines to multiple sclerosis, cannabis can help. The cannabis plant is grown naturally and contains no added chemicals, making it ideal. In modern medicine, the cannabis plant has many medical uses. Cannabis was legal to consume in the United States up until 1937, when the â€Å"marihuana tax act of 1937† made possession or transfer of cannabis illegal throughout the United States under federal law, excluding medical and industrial uses. The American Medical Association was not in favor of this legislation. Before this law was passed, marijuana was legal and quite popular in the United States. Martin Booth explains in his book Cannabis: A History, that In the 1880’s â€Å"hashish† parlors were very popular in America and it was estimated that their were around five hundred of these parlors in New York at the time. From 1850-1942 cannabis was listed in the U. S Pharmacopoeia as a useful medicine for nausea, rheumatism, and labor pains; it was also easily obtained at the local general store or pharmacy. More than 20 prescription medicines containing marijuana were sold in U. S. pharmacies at the turn of the 20th century, and marijuana-based medications were commonly available until cannabis was taken out of the U. S. Pharmacopeia in 1942. Then in 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, classified marijuana as a Schedule I drug. According to this act a schedule I drug means three things: the drug has high potential for abuse, the drug has no currently accepted medical use in the U. S, and there is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. Other schedule I drugs include heroin, LSD, peyote, MDMA (ecstasy), and mescaline. The once medicinally valued cannabis plant is now classified with drugs in which have completely different and much more harmful effects. Marijuana cannot be classified with the other schedule I narcotics because it can be beneficial to many people with a number of different diseases or health problems. Marijuana can cure migraines, Doctors in California report they have cured over 300,000 cases of migraines with medical marijuana (medicalinsurance. org marijuana-health-facts). The American Association for Cancer Research has found that marijuana actually works to slow down tumor growth in the lungs, breasts, and brain considerably. Studies also suggest that use of medical marijuana helps lower intraocular pressure in the eyes of glaucoma patients (glaucoma. org /treatment/should-you-be-smoking-marijuana-to-treat-your-glaucoma-1. php). Marijuana is also a muscle relaxer that has antispasmodic qualities that have proven to be a very effective treatment for seizures (nimh. nih. gov). Marijuana works to stop the neurological effects and muscle spasms that come from multiple sclerosis by protecting nerves from the damage caused by the fatal disease (multiple-sclerosis. emedtv. com). Marijuana is so beneficial that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) actually used part of the plant. The main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC for short. The FDA isolated a single molecule cannabinoid pharmaceutical; it was called Marinol and was used for treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy patients who did not respond to conventional antiemetic treatments, according to the article Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: Historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions. From the same article the doctors talk about another medication with similar effects of marijuana, except this one is a synthetic molecule shaped similarly to THC. ) It’s called Nabilone and has been approved since 1985 for use with nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. As of 2011 there are currently sixteen states and Washington D. C. that support medical marijuana. The sixteen states include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington. Our federal government on the other hand, does not agree with these state laws and continues to prosecute medical marijuana users because it remains illegal under federal law. The medicinal uses of the cannabis plant have been around since our country was founded, yet in present time, marijuana â€Å"presents no known medicinal value†. The founding father of our nation George Washington, said, â€Å"Make the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere! It has been used in America since our country was founded, but as of now our country cannot come to terms of agreement regarding the cannabis plant. Marijuana can be used to treat or relieve symptoms of many diseases and discomforts, but for now its still illegal and preventing many Americans from getting their medicine. Marijuana has many uses but our federal government cannot see that or chooses not to believe it, regardless, it is still a very applicable medicine. Medical marijuana is used in other countries includin g our neighbor up north, Canada. So, why is it still illegal in America? If marijuana were to be legalized in the United States for medical purposes, our country would greatly benefit. Marijuana is one the purest most natural substances known to many yet it is referred to as a â€Å"drug†, however over fifty percent of Americans think that medical marijuana should be legalized. Sometime in the near future our country will recognize all the medical benefits of this magnificent plant, but until then it is still a federal crime to use and possess.

The main techniques Fitzgerald used to introduce our main character Gatsby :: English Literature

The main techniques Fitzgerald used to introduce our main character Gatsby Author's Techniques by Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald is a very diverse and interesting author to analyze. The techniques he uses for each character or theme that he wants to present is different from page to page, thus making him a multifaceted. When speaking of the title character of the book, Jay Gatsby, there are a few specific techniques used in the layout of his features. Gatsby doesn’t appear in the book in flesh and blood until the third chapter of the book however by that time Nick Carraway has received enough second hand information about him. However there is of course a reason as to why Fitzgerald waited with the introduction of this man; the more we waited for the Great Gatsby the larger his reputation grew in order for us to build a predetermined view about him. The main techniques Fitzgerald used to introduce our main character Gatsby was reputations and postponed introduction thus creating a lot of mystery around this man. At first when Nick enters one of Gatsby’s parties he doesn’t see the host indulging himself in the luxuries of the crowd, food and music though instead he is nowhere to be seen. This is a very surprising enigma for Nick since generally you would presume that whoever has this much wealth would thrive in showing it off to his guests. On top of this, you have a lot of rumors circulating every one of his parties. Catherine McKee once said that Gatsby is â€Å"the son of Kaiser Wilhelm†, the current ruler of Germany. Of course every speculation made was false however as Nick heard them all, his anticipations for their meeting grew. This is a clever technique since not only does it enhance Gatsby’s character importance in the novel though it shows how little the supporting characters of the book knows him. We hear all sorts of rumors about how Gatsby acquired his wealth however not until chapter VII do we have definite proof of how his money came about. On page 140, two thirds into the book, Tom confronts Jay about who he really is. It is during that event where Tom throws all the facts about his bootlegging in Jay’s face ‘I found out what your â€Å"drug-stores† were-‘ He turned to us and spoke rapidly. ‘He and this Wolfshiem bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter. That’s one of his little stunts†¦..’What about it? said Gatsby politely. ‘I guess your friend Walter Chase wasn’t too proud to come in on it.

Evolution of Dance :: essays research papers

Dancing and music in general have evolved through time. People who danced in style in the sixties would not fit n the generation of the new millennium. As years have passed by, it seems the style of dancing is getting to be dirtier than ever. Parents do not approve of this lifestyle and this way of dance. It is inevitable that dance will change throughout our lives and so will its style. Dancing has changed in relation to music, behavior and time passed. Music is the biggest part of dance. The way the beat and bass hit are or even the lyrical content of the music today encourages the style of dance. Rap starts tend to graphically describe women, sex and money. And because of this, youngsters have accepted this state of mind into their style of dancing. Even the girls in the rap videos suggest there is nothing wrong with their provocative ways and even promote this way of dance. Being the trendy generation that we are, we follow and imitate their way of dance. Additionally, the behavior that is accepted by society plays a big role in our way of dance. Society is so open with public sexuality that we have accepted that into our normal daily pattern. TV shows are showing more and more graphic programs and as years pass by, it is predictable that they will worsen. So how do we stop it? Some try, while others adapt this way of living into their dance moves and styles. Society is corrupting the minds of teenagers and like a sponge, we are absorbing it all. Finally, as decades have passed from the 60s, 70s, 80s and even 90s, more and more things are being considered okay by the public. These provocative dancing styles have evolved and moved into the styles we use to dance at clubs and even at school. It should not be considered okay when a woman is being sandwiched between two males and they are being able to grab everything they can get a hold of, or vise-versa.

Waste banana plant (Musa sp.) Trunks as an Alternative source of pulp for paper making Essay

Edible Banana (Musa sp.) the plant is a gigantic herb that springs from an underground stem, or rhizome, to form a false trunk 3–6 meters (10–20 feet) high (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2006). Bananas cannot be grown anywhere because they are very sensitive to strong winds, hence, if planted on open areas, one must use windbreakers for the banana plant not to be harmed, the plant can be also planted on dry lands provided that there is a stable irrigation (Department of Agri-culture, 2010). Paper is a material made of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood, rags and certain grasses, processed into flexible sheets or rolls by deposit from an aqueous suspension (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008).It is the most widely used material by mankind since its discovery in China. The average dimensions of a letter sized paper is 8.27*11.69mm The aim of this study is to find out if the pulp from trunk banana is suitable for paper production. Statement of Problem General Objective This study primarily aims to find out if pulp from the banana tree trunk is a better alternative than wood pulp Specific Objectives: 1.) This study aims to find out if paper produce using banana plant trunk’s pulp is more economic than the commercially used tree trunk pulp; 2.) And to find out what is better: 100% banana plant trunk pulp of banana tree trunk pulp plus recycled paper. Hypothesis The paper made in this study will be more cost efficient than paper mass produce by companies using commercial grade wood pulp Significance of the study The paper made from the waste banana plant trunk pulp will Increase the income of the Banana farmers here in the Philippines because instead of simply discarding the Banana plant trunks after harvesting the ripe bananas, they could sell it to factories for added income Scope and Limitation of the Study This study is only limited to the use banana plant trunks and recycled paper in the creation of paper that will be produce by this study. Definition of terms Banana-a treelike tropical palm with large leaves and flower clusters that develop into a bunch of finer shaped fruit which are yellow or red when ripe(Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1999). Wood Pulp-a material prepared by chemical or mechanical means chiefly from wood and used in making paper and cellulose products (Webster’s New Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1999). Review of Related Literature and Review of Related Studies Banana (Musa sp.) Name for several species of the genus Musa and for the fruits these produce. The banana plant-one of the largest herbaceous plants-is said to be native in tropical Asia, but is now cultivated throughout the tropics (The Free Dictionary 2010). Wood Pulp Pulp from wood used in making cellulose derivatives (as paper or rayon) Mold and Deckle A mold is a wooden frame with wire mesh stretched on it while a deckle is just a wooden frame the same size as the mold but is has no wire mesh stretched over it. Related Studies There is a study conducted by the students of University of Cordoba and University of Pablo, Spain (2012) to characterize the banana plant residues and use it in pulping and combustion processes. Another study conducted by the North East Science and technology Institute (2008) which aims to make grease proof paper out of banana pulp fiber. Methodology Tools and Materials The waste banana plant trunk that was used in this study were taken from Brgy. Punta Tabuc, Roxas City, Capiz. The materials that were a machete,3 pcs lower banana plant trunks, a deckle, 3 pcs 10Ãâ€"7 silk screen and mesh wire screen molds, a large stainless steel pot and sodium hydroxide.

Diabetes And Other Non Communicable Diseases Sciences Essays

Diabetes And Other Non Communicable Diseases Sciences Essays Diabetes And Other Non Communicable Diseases Sciences Essay Diabetes And Other Non Communicable Diseases Sciences Essay Today, diabetes and other non catching diseases ( NCDs ) that portion the same hazard factors represent a taking menace to wellness and human development. An estimated 8 to 14 million people die prematurely every twelvemonth in developing states due to preventable NCDs chiefly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, malignant neoplastic diseases, and chronic respiratory diseases. These people are deceasing excessively immature as a consequence of increased exposure to the common hazard factors for NCDs: unhealthy diets, physical inaction, baccy usage and the harmful usage of alcohol. ( WHO ) . Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus consequences from insulin opposition, a status in which cells fail to utilize insulin decently, sometimes combined with absolute insulin deficiency. ( Wikipedia ) . Diabetes is recognized as a group of heterogenous upsets with the common elements of hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance, due to insulin lack, impaired effectivity of insulin action, or both ( IDF ) . Epidemiology of T2DM Diabetess mellitus is one of the most common hormone upsets impacting about 6 % of the universe s population. [ 1 ] Etiology of Diabetes mellitus The causes of diabetes mellitus are incompletely understood. It has now been widely accepted that the cause of diabetes mellitus is multifactorial and that both familial and environmental factors play a conducive function. [ 1 ] Asiatic populations are multiracial and have multi factorial causes of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms implicit in development of the disease are complex and varied, even within these populations. The major aetiologic constituents of type 2 diabetes are impaired insulin secernment and impaired insulin action, which are aggravated by the presence and grade of glucotoxicity. Both constituents might besides be genetically predetermined. [ 2 ] Definition of T2DM The definition of diabetes may be given in different footings but the significance of the definitions is the same, as diabetes has become an endemic Non catching disease non merely in developed states but besides increasing prevalence in developing states. This displacement in the from traditional Healthy diets to western The Indian nutrient points are usually rich in fats and the method of the readying of a individual nutrient point differs from one individual to the other. The street nutrient peddling units and the wont of eating outside the place has mostly affected the normal nutrient forms in India. The street nutrients which include get downing from breakfast point like vada, poori etc has increased ingestion in the Indian population to the tiffin points and flushing bites which include mirch bajji, aloo bonda and confab bhandar nutrients has increased ingestion due to miss of clip to fix clip at place households are largely depending on the nutrient available outside the place . ( besides the Indian fast nutrient is bad: think of Vada-Pav ) fast nutrient diets, deficiency of regular physical activity, unable to keep a normal organic structure weight and increasing usage of baccy both in work forces and adult females are the nucleus causes for diabetes happening. I truly can non notice on this statement as I read it in one of the below listed articles ( Do you truly believe so? ! Where have you read this? Not right ) . Ethnicities Harmonizing to the Journal article of Nepal Medical Association by Battarai MD [ 3 ] , Ethnicity is considered to be an of import factor in diabetes development with higher rates being reported in Asians, Hispanics, African Americans and autochthonal peoples of the USA, Canada, Australia and Pacific parts ( IDF ) . However the term ethnicity appears to transport the impression of prevailing familial component, which we can non alter. With increasing fleshiness, diminishing physical activity, and lifting life anticipation of population, prevalence of diabetes additions. Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the USA increased increasingly from 0.9 % in 1958 to 5.9 % in 2006. Beginning: Center for disease control and prevention The universe broad statistics of diabetes from different cited articles suggests that, In Canada age adjusted addition in prevalence was from 4.4 % in 1986 to 6.6 % in 1991.11 Similarly in Iceland the prevalence in males was 2.8 % in 1970-1972, 4.5 % in 1979-1984 and 5.0 % in 1985-1990. The comparative diabetes prevalence estimations for 2007 in North America and Europe are about 4-9 % . ( IDF ) . In the USA there is progressive addition in fleshiness and an estimated 66 % of grownups were fleshy or corpulent in 2003-2004. ( NCHS ) . Similar rise in fleshiness was seen in Europe. ( WHO ) The grownup average organic structure mass index ( BMI ) degrees of 20-23 kg/m2 were found among the general population in Africa and Asia, while degrees were 25-27 kg/m2 across North America and Europe in 2002. The proportion of entire estimated figure of people with diabetes in 2007 in 20-39, 40-59 and 60-79 age groups are 7-10 % , 36-45 % , and 46-57 % in European and North American parts severall y and 23-33 % , 42-52 % and 25-30 % in African, South-East Asian and Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East parts severally. ( Bhattarai MD ) Prevalence of diabetes among grownups above 20 old ages in urban India was about 1 % in 1960 which increased steeply making to about 12 % by 2005. Similarly, analysis of old tendencies of age adjusted prevalence rates of diabetes in different urban countries reveals 7.7 % in 1990 and 8.9 % in 1995 in Hong Kong, 8.1 % in 1993 in Singapore and 11 % in 1995 in Taiwan ; 4 5 % in 1994 in urban Sri Lanka, 9.7 % in 2004 in urban Cambodia and 4.5 % in 1997 and 8.1 % in 2005 in Dhaka 9.5 % in Latinos and 13.3 % in Africans in 2005 in the USA and 15.2 % in Bahrain and Qatar and 19.4 % in the United Arab Emirates in 2007 ( Bhattarai MD ) GENETICS OF T2DM Type 2 diabetes is a disease characterized by impaired b-cell secernment of insulin, in combination with opposition to insulin in its mark tissues. Both insulin secernment and insulin sensitiveness are influenced by familial and environmental factors. [ 4 ] Although monogenic signifiers of diabetes have been found ( Table 1 ) [ 5 ] , the bulk of instances of type 2 diabetes do non demo heritage as a Mendelian trait, but instead as a genetically complex upset in which familial discrepancies predispose persons to develop the disease. The environmental factors, such as extra nutrient and limited physical activity. The rapid rise in diabetes prevalence over the last few decennaries strongly suggests that familial discrepancies involved in type 2 diabetes are interacting with environmental factors. Table 1.Genes Associated with Diabetess: Overview of their Target Tissue1, Function2, and Related Medication3 Diabetess Gene Proposed Diabetess Target Cell Type / Tissue1 Monogenic Diabetess4 Type 2 Diabetess5 Proposed Function ( s ) for Gene Product2 Drug ( s ) Affecting theSame Pathway as theDiabetess Gene3 ABCC8 Pancreass b-Cell Ten B-cell ion homeostasis and insulin secernment ; ATP-binding cassette transporter that modulates ATP sensitive K channels and insulin release Sulfonylurea derived functions ADAMTS9 Unknown Ten Cleavage of proteoglycans Unknown CDC123 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Cell rhythm ordinance Unknown CDKAL1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development Proinsulin to insulin transition Unknown CDKN2A Pancreass b-Cell Ten Cell rhythm ordinance Unknown CEL unknown Ten Glycoprotein that is of import in ordinance of cholesterin Metamorphosis Unknown Terrorist organization hypothalamus Ten Associated to fleshiness Unknown GCK unknown Ten Catalyzes reaction from glucose to glucose-6- Phosphate Unknown HHEX Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development ; written text factor Unknown HNF4a Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development ; written text factor Unknown IDE Pancreass b-Cell Ten Termination of the response to insulin Unknown IGF2BP2 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development Unknown JAZF1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Cell rhythm ordinance ; transcriptional represser Unknown KCNJ11 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Ten B-cell ion homeostasis and insulin secernment Sulfonylurea derived functions KCNQ1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten B-cell ion homeostasis and insulin secernment Sulfonylurea derived functions KLF11 unknown Ten unknown Unknown NEUROD1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development ; written text factor that activates several cistrons including insulin and is of import for early b-cell development Unknown NOTCH2 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development ; written text factor ; receptor for membrane edge ligands Unknown PDX1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development ; atomic protein that acts as a transcriptional activator of several cistrons including insulin and is of import for early b-cell development Unknown PPARG Adipocytes Ten Nuclear receptor ( transcription factor ) that regulates adipocyte distinction Thiazolidinediones SLC30A8 Pancreass b-Cell Ten B-cell ion homeostasis and insulin secernment ; cellular outflow of Zn2+ ions Proinsulin to insulin transition Sulfonylurea derived functions TCF1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Growth and development ; Transcription factor that forms a complex with the merchandise of TCF2 of import for Wnt signaling Unknown TCF2 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Ten Growth and development ; written text factor that forms a complex with the merchandise of TCF1 of import for Wnt signaling Cell rhythm ordinance Unknown TCF7L2 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Wnt signaling Proinsulin to insulin transition Unknown THADA Pancreass b-Cell Ten Apoptosis Unknown TSPAN8 Unknown Ten Glycoprotein involved in the mediation of signal Transduction Unknown WFS1 Pancreass b-Cell Ten Ten Apoptosis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum emphasis tract activation Unknown Other T2DM susceptibleness cistrons TCF7L2 joins a instead short list of cistrons that have been reproducibly associated with T2D. The strongest extra campaigners for this list include the E23K discrepancy of KCNJ11 and the P12A discrepancy of PPARG. Both of these associations have been replicated in several samples, and the cumulative grounds has long surpassed genome-wide significance. The past two old ages have witnessed an acceleration in our apprehension of both monogenic and multi factorial signifiers of diabetes. There are really strong evidences for believing that the following moving ridge of fresh diabetes-susceptibility discrepancies will flux from the genome-wide association surveies that are presently underway. As with TCF7L2, we can anticipate these to present important new penetrations into the pathogenesis of T2D and the allelomorphic architecture of complex traits in general. [ 6 ] Genome-Wide Association Studies ( GWAS ) Recent progresss in genotyping techniques and the aggregation of big, type 2 diab etes patient cohorts have made it possible to execute hypothesis-free genome-wide association surveies ( GWAS ) to place common familial discrepancies that increase susceptibleness to type 2 diabetes. It has been estimated that, in a Caucasic population, measuring 500,000 SNPs will observe around 80 % of the common familial fluctuation. The genome-wide attack has been really successful for type 2 diabetes, taking to the designation of over a twelve common familial discrepancies associated with the disease lying near cistrons that had non antecedently been associated with a diabetic phenotype. [ 4 ] WC Cut-offs for Asiatic Indians: Action level 1: Work force: 78 centimeter, adult females: 72 centimeter. Any individual with WC above these degrees should avoid deriving weight and maintain physical activity to avoid geting any of the cardiovascular hazard factor. These action degree 1 cut-offs demand to be researched farther. Action level 2: Work force: 90 centimeter, adult females: 80 centimeter. Capable with WC above this should seek medical aid so that obesity-related hazard factors could be investigated and managed. [ 7 ] Diet and T2DM Dietary fat and insulin opposition Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs ) :An impressive organic structure of grounds has established the nexus between dietetic lipoids, membrane lipoids and insulin opposition in carnal surveies. Overall, surveies have shown that dietetic? -3 PUFAs addition EPA and DHA content of phospholipids membrane, better lipoid profile and have either a good or no consequence on insulin sensitiveness. Dietary saturated fatty acids ( SFAs ) :Intake of SFAs is a important independent forecaster of fasting and postprandial insulin concentrations. Overall consumption of dietetic SFAs is positively related to insulin opposition. Replacing SFAs with MUFAs or PUFAs in dietetic fat may be a utile dietetic intercession to forestall metabolic impairment. Dietary glandular fever unsaturated fatty acids ( MUFAs ) :Overall, high MUFAs diets have shown good consequence in direction of T2DM but its influence on insulin opposition, although appears good, is still inconclusive. Dietary trans fatty acids ( TFAs ) :Dietary TFAs consumption has been found to be associated with dyslipidaemia and addition hazard of T2DM and CVD, but the relationship between dietetic TFAs and insulin opposition has been ill investigated. Overall, limited informations suggest that dietetic TFAs consumption, although associated with dyslipidaemia and addition hazard of T2DM and CVD, may non impact insulin sensitiveness particularly in healthy persons. Conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA ) :CLA is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of LA ( 18:2n-6 ) normally found in beef, lamb and dairy merchandises. Overall, limited informations suggest that dietetic TFAs consumption, although associated with dyslipidaemia and addition hazard of T2DM and CVD, may non impact insulin sensitiveness particularly in healthy persons. Dietary saccharide consumption and insulin opposition Sucrose/fructose:high sucrose/fructose diet additions organic structure weight and hazard for T2DM and its influence on insulin sensitiveness, although appears hurtful, is still inconclusive. Low glycaemic index nutrients:Prospective surveies have shown that ingestion of low dietetic GI nutrients is associated with a lower hazard of T2DM, proposing a preventative function of low GI diets. [ 8 ] . A low GI diet improves blood glucose control as manifested by lowered day-long glycaemia, lowered glycosylated haemoglobin concentration and improved glucose tolerance. A retrospective meta analysis of randomized controlled clinical tests comparing low and high GI diets in the intervention of T1DM and T2DM. They found that low GI diets globally reduced HbA1C by 0.43 per cent points compared to high GI diets in surveies with both T1DM and T2DM topics. [ 9 ] Whole grain consumption:In drumhead, whole grain consumption is associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, BMI values, entire cholesterin, and LDL-C degrees and improves insulin sensitiveness. Asiatic Indians in India consume comparatively more saccharides ( ~60-67 % of the energy consumption ) as compared to the migratory Asiatic Indians in UK ( ~46 % of the energy consumption ) and USA ( ~56-58 % of the energy consumption ) . Sevak et Al found that carbohydrate consumption ( as a per centum of entire energy ) was reciprocally correlated with insulin sensitiveness ( i.e. , entire saccharide and sucrose were positively correlated with insulin opposition ) , with a stronger correlativity for sucrose than for amylum. The same form was seen for fasting insulin, but the correlativity was weaker [ 10 ] . Data suggest that dietetic? -3 PUFAs addition EPA and DHA content of phospholipids membrane, better lipoid profile and may hold good consequence on insulin opposition. Dietary SFAs consumption is positively associated with insulin opposition. Replacing dietetic SFAs with PUFAs or MUFAs can hold positive effects on insulin sensitiveness. High sucrose/fructose diet addition organ ic structure weight, and hazard for T2DM, and may hold hurtful consequence on insulin sensitiveness. Evidence suggests that high saccharide diets increase concentrations of plasma triglycerides and diminish HDL-C and LDL-C and do postprandial hyperinsulinaemia. However, it is still non clear from the available informations whether the clinical public-service corporation of increasing the fibre content or diminishing the GI of low-fat/high-carbohydrates diets is preferred to merely replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat and diminishing saccharides intake to diminish insulin opposition. [ 10 ] Familial sensitivity, dietetic wonts, quickly altering life style, physical inaction and migration are conducive factors for high prevalence of insulin opposition in Asiatic Indians compared with white Caucasic and in-depth probes on these issues are required. Asiatic Indians and South Asians have higher consumptions of saccharide and? -6 PUFAs, lower consumptions of? -3 PUFAs and fi ber, and higher? -6/ ? 3 PUFAs ratio as compared to white Caucasians. Recently, our group has reported that dietetic? -6 PUFAs consumption is signifi cant independent forecasters of fasting hyperinsulinaemia in immature Asiatic Indians. ( Change in wonts ) MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES The corner rock for diabetes direction still lies in diet and exercising [ 11 ] . There is besides a easy spread outing list of drugs being used to handle type 2 diabetes, all of which act through one of the tracts of import in diabetes pathophysiology. However, neither alterations in lifestyle nor the usage of medicine are sufficient to bring around diabetes, although both intercessions can detain the patterned advance of disease. [ 12 ] There is hence an pressing demand to develop new medicines or schemes to counter the immense addition in instances expected in the hereafter. Since the direction of type 2 diabetes with either lifestyle alterations, medicine or both, is more effectual when started at an early phase, bettering the techniques for early diagnosing and the chances for early intercession will greatly better the effects of current ways of pull offing type 2 diabetes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Familial Screening for Prediction and Prevention The effectivity of current type 2 diabetes direction is greatly improved when it is started at an early phase of the disease. If familial testing could be used to foretell type 2 diabetes, preventative steps could be taken and diabetes could potentially be managed more easy. However, the discrepancies associated with type 2 diabetes that have been identified so far merely explicate a little per centum of the entire familial fluctuation that is thought to be present [ 13-14 ] . It is hence non yet possible to execute accurate prognostic familial testing but, in the close hereafter, research should supply more penetration into the chances for such testing. Common discrepancies in type 2 diabetes cistrons associating to cell rhythm events and programmed cell death, and stand foring different allelomorphs than those associated to type 2 diabetes, are besides associated with assorted malignant neoplastic diseases. [ 4 ] . ( This above artic le from mention 4 ) In the survey by Leitzmann M F, et Al, revealed that diabetes was reciprocally associated with early phase prostate malignant neoplastic disease but it showed no relation with aggressive prostate malignant neoplastic disease. But there was an association between diabetes and aggressive prostate malignant neoplastic disease in the subgroup of work forces with a low BMI. [ 15 ] Both a high proportion of organic structure fat and a predomination of cardinal fleshiness are associated with insulin opposition. A high proportion of Asiatic people have both these features, and might besides hold pancreatic ?-cell secretory defects. [ 16 ] Diabetess and other complications because of diabetes A epidemiological survey estimated the prevalence of anaemia to be 12.3 % in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus, above the age of 40 old ages ; no gender differences were observed. Persons with anaemia were 1.80 times more likely to develop diabetic retinopathy than persons with no anaemia. In work forces, the hazard of developing diabetic retinopathy increased to 2.05 times. A salient determination was the association between the continuance of diabetes and the prevalence of anaemia. Persons with continuance of diabetes of more than 5 old ages have 1.56 times higher hazard of developing anaemia than those with diabetes for less than 5 old ages. These observations suggest that anemia rating should be considered in the everyday direction of individuals with diabetes and should be treated to minimise the hazard of microvascular complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. ( Anemia and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Padmaja Kumari Rani ) T2DM Is a Familial Disease: Classical Evidence The spectrum of T2DM prevalence in different cultural groups The prevalence of T2DM varies widely among populations, but the disease prevalence varies well among cultural groups that portion a similar environment supports the thought that familial factors contribute to disease sensitivity. Familial collection: Other than cistrons, households portion environments, civilization and wonts, yet familial collection of the disease is another beginning of grounds for a familial part to the disease. Twin surveies:Multiple surveies of duplicate harmony rates have been undertaken in T2DM. Estimates for harmony rates have ranged from 0.29 to 1.00 in monozygotic ( MZ ) twins, while in dizygous ( DZ ) twins the scope was 0.10-0.43. In malice of several cautions in duplicate surveies, the high harmony in MZ twins and the 50 % autumn in DZ twins provides compelling grounds for a familial constituent of T2DM. Heritability of intermediate phenotypes:Insulin sensitiveness and insulin secernment deteriorate in analogue in most human T2DM. Oxidative Metabolism and the Pancreatic ?-Cell Insulin secernment by the pancreatic ?-cell is modulated by multiple stimulations. Oxidative mitochondrial metamorphosis and adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) coevals is indispensable to glucose stirred insulin secernment. The increased ratio of ATP to adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) in the ?-cell triggers a series of events: suppression of the cell s ATP/ADP-regulated K channel ( KATP, encoded by cistrons KCNJ11 and ABCC8 ) , plasma membrane depolarisation, gap of a voltage-gated Ca channel, Ca inflow, and conveyance and binding of insulin granules to the cell surface [ 17 ] . The ATP/ADP ratio is in bend altered by UCP2, an built-in mitochondrial membrane protein that permits protons to leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane, therefore decoupling of glucose oxidative metamorphosis from ATP production. By diminishing the sum of ATP generated from glucose, UCP2 look negatively regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secernment. Over-expression of UCP2 in ?-cells in vitro lessenings glu cose-stimulated insulin secernment [ 18 ] . Glucose homeostasis:the cardinal nervous system. Degrees of glucose in the blood are regulated by a complex interplay between the visual aspect of glucose from both enteric soaking up and hepatic production and its disappearing through insulin-dependent and insulin independent glucose consumption in a assortment of tissues. After the nightlong fast, glucose is mostly produced by animal starch dislocation and gluconeogenesis. About 80 % of this glucose released by liver is metabolized independent of insulin by encephalon and other insulin-independent tissues ( intestine, ruddy cells ) . The median hypothalamus, a major planimeter of nutritionary and hormonal signals, plays a polar function non merely in the ordinance of energy balance but besides in the transition of liver glucose end product. The ?-Cell and Type 2 Diabetess Damage of insulin secernment from pancreatic ?-cell is besides a major constituent of T2DM pathogenesis. Analysis of mutants involved in six different adulthood onset diabetes of the immature ( MODY ) cistrons have revealed the of import function of written text factors in the insulin secernment. Many mechanisms lending to T2DM may trip ?-cell programmed cell death and decreased ?-cell mass or ability to counterbalance for insulin opposition [ 19 ] Cost of diabetes in India. Figure 1-Expenditure incurred by urban and rural topics in relation to the figure of complications. The x-axis shows the prevalence of complications, and the y-axis shows the outgo incurred in Indian Rs. In a survey Ramachandran A et Al, [ 20 ] indicated that the economic load of diabetes care on households in developing states is lifting quickly, even after accounting for the rising prices. The highest addition in per centum of family income devoted to diabetes attention was in the lowest economic group ( 34 % of income in 1998 vs. 24.5 % in 2005 ) . There was a important betterment in urban topics in medical reimbursement from 2 % ( 1998 ) to 21.3 % ( 2005 ) . So the survey concludes that Urban and rural diabetic topics spend a big per centum of income on diabetes direction. The economic load on urban households in developing states is lifting, and the entire direct cost has doubled from 1998 to 2005. [ 20 ] High Prevalence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Urbanization in India This survey studies alterations in diabetes prevalence based on population studies in Southern India. The prevalence of diabetes in the metropolis and the town was similar. IGT decreased in all countries, most markedly in the metropolis, accompaniment with an addition in diabetes. High prevalence of diabetes in the metropolis and the town and a rapid addition in the PUVs could mostly be due to urbanisation. Urbanization in India is expected to make 46 % by 2030 ( WHO Demographic tendencies ) ; hence, in the hereafter a larger part to the diabetic population would be from rural countries. The most unexpected findings in the survey were the pronounced addition in prevalence of diabetes in the PUVs and a crisp decrease in IGT in all countries. One of the restrictions was that comparings were made of surveies done in different PUV locations. Therefore, temporal alterations and geographic differences could hold contributed to the differences. Demographic and population features of the sur vey populations were similar in these country [ 21 ] In a survey by Ramachandran A et Al fleshiness, female sex, parental history of type 2 diabetes, and pubertal age appeared to be strongly associated with the disease in Asiatic kids. Unlike in the kids with type 1 diabetes who had acute oncoming of the disease with terrible symptoms and ketoacidurias, thin organic structure weight, and deficiency of familial collection, the type 2 diabetic kids showed characteristics similar to authoritative grownup onset type 2 diabetes. Obesity was present in lone half of the probands seen by them. Insulin opposition is a common characteristic even in nonobese Asian-Indian topics. Type 2 diabetes in kids is an entity that needs to be recognized and looked for, particularly in corpulent kids of diabetic parents in India. Asymptomatic nature may detain the diagnosing in many as it normally does in grownup type 2 diabetic topics. [ 22 ] Treatment of T2DM A survey by Knowler WC, et Al revealed that Lifestyle alterations and intervention with Glucophage both have reduced the incidence of diabetes in individuals at high hazard. It besides stated that lifestyle intercession was more effectual than Glucophage. [ 12 ] In the farther surveies by Molitch M E, et Al, showed the incidence of diabetes was reduced by 58 % with the lifestyle intercession and by 31 % with Glucophage, compared with placebo. These effects were shown to be similar in work forces and adult females, and in all

Killer Whales1 essays

Killer Whales1 essays Whales are giant creatures that live in the sea. They look like fish, but are not. Whales belong to the group of animals called mammals. Whales belong to the group of mammals called cetaceans, which comes from a Latin word meaning large sea animal. There are two major groups of whales. The first group is mysticeti (baleen whales), and the other isodontoceti (toothed whales). In the group odontoceti, there is a family of whales called delphinidae (dolphins and small toothed whales). In this report, I will focus on a species of whale that comes from this family, and that species is the killer whale, or also known as orcinus orca, or just orca. The largest and most striking of the dolphin family, the killer whale is one of the most fearsome predators of the deep. Killer whales are basically the same shape as fish, but they differ in many ways. One of the most obvious differences is the tail fin. Fish have vertical tail fins, while whales have horizontal tail fins. One of the most distinctive features of orcas is the tall, wide dorsal fin located on its back. In females, the dorsal fin can grow to about 2 feet high. It is falcate (hooked or curved). In males, the dorsal fin is triangular in shape and can grow up to about 6 feet high. Another distinctive feature of killer whales is that they possess a sleek, black and white pigmentation pattern. A white patch is located above and behind the eye. An extensive white ventral patch extends onto the flanks (sides). There is a gray saddle behind the dorsal fin, which is black at birth. (Hoyt, Pg. 32) At birth, orcas are about 2.1 to 2.4 meters long and weigh about 180 kilograms. When they are adults, males grow to about 9.5 meters long weighing 8 tons or more. Females grow to 8.2 meters long and weigh 4-6 tons. Orcas have robust and graceful bodies with a conical or rounded head. (Hoyt, Pg. 97) It has no distinct beak. They have stra...

Quizzes week Essay Example

Quizzes week Essay Example Quizzes week Essay Quizzes week Essay When Sam thought about open Eng a foreign car repair shop n Phoenix, he researched all of the firms in the area before deciding on a local Zion. He also analyzed their capabilities and found articles about many of them in terms of their capability sees, strengths, and weaknesses. Secondary data 5 Which of the following elements of socio cultural environment can be associate De with the growing demand for social surrogates like social networking sites, television, and so on? Views of others 6 Which strategy does this exemplify? Kayak and Orbits provide their customers with a variety of travel options including flight reservations, vacation packages, flight and hotel option s with or without car rentals, and cruise offerings. Differentiation 7 A companys sales potential would be equal to market potential when which s tuitions exists? The company gets 100 percent share of the market. 8 Which of the following statements demonstrates behavioral loyalty towards a brand? Always buy My Favorite Laundry detergent when purchasing laundry detergent NT. 9 In the U. S. Consumer expenditures on homes and other large purchases tend to slow down during a recession because the consumers have a high debilitation ratio 10 During the holidays, companies Often provide gifts to customers. The more a client spends, the larger the gift, usually. To segment customers in this way, for what purpose is this data being mined? To deepen customer loyalty 11 Cost is able to keep its inventory expenditure relatively low through its man au gment technology and cuttings pointless inventory management technology. As a result, Cost o is able to pass these savings on to consumers in the form of low prices. This strategy is best descried bed as overall cost leadership 12 Which of the following industries is most likely to use database marketing? A supermarket chain 13 Which market do customers who have purchased and are driving Audio automat bobbles represent? Penetrated market 14 When Apple introduced tunes, a new market was opened. Which of the follow wing describes this type Of innovation? Value capture 15 The Soccer World Cup is promoted aggressively to both companies and fans. This is an example of marketing a(n) event 16 Which of the following is correct about marketing management? It occurs when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the me mans of achieving desired responses from other parties. 17 Marketing is considered both an art and a science. How do the ups, or market Eng mix, help us bridge the gap between art and science? Marketing balances the need for data with that of creativity. 18 By 201 5, projections indicate that the largest category of households will be c imposed of childless married couples and empty nesters week 2 1 . How many primary groups does VALS classify U. S. Adults into based on per seasonality traits and key demographics? Eight 2 Which group is experiencing the fastest population growth today? Hispanic Americans When purchasing, in which state does the consumer set a minimum acceptable e cutoff level for each attribute and then makes a buying decision? Conjunctive heuristic 4 When searching for a supplier, which of the following provides the broadest r each of possible suppliers in todays competitive market environment? Internet Which market is known as the invisible market segment? Asian American Which of the following is known as the process of creating a segment storybook rd to test the attractiveness of each segment? Segment acid test Which of the following is known in marketing as attributes of a product or seer vice that may not be unique to the product Or service? Pianofortes What is the second stage of the consumer buying process? Information search 9 Which other criteria helps make up the three criteria for a successful brand m intra: inspire, simplify, and communicate Which term describes the diverse needs of many ethnic market segments? Multicultural marketing Which of the following marketing strategies does not concentrate on recognize ins differences in customers needs in the organization? Undifferentiated Which of the following do brand mantras attempt to define? Points of difference to other brands Which of the following is a tool a company uses to position its brands attribute sees in the minds of those in the organization? Brand positioning bulls eye Which of the following tools do marketers use to visually illustrate how cons mere view products or services on multivariate? Perceptua l mapping Which other dimension is the VALS classification system based on besides con summer motivation? Consumer resources What other dimension helps market segments be measurable, substantial, AC accessible, and differentiable? Actionable Which other factor does an organizations marketing strategy focus on: seem notation, targeting and positioning 18 In behavioral segmentation, a product or service is grouped by which other did mention besides knowledge of, attitude toward, and use of? Response to 9 Which of the following is used to determine a competitive frame of reference for brands to compete against other brands due to their closeness as substitutes? Category membership 20 Which of the following do marketers use to give consumers a special reason f or them to purchase a product or service? Value proposition 21 Which of the following would consumers associate closely with a brand? Offensivenesss Quiz Week 3 Quiz Week 4 Which type of distribution relies on some intermediaries willing to carry a part ocular product? Selective distribution What type of system does a firm employ to decide about the most critical decide ions management faces? Marketing channel system 3. What is the practice that allows companies to maximize their market share by believing a higher sales volume will lead to lower unit costs and higher longhorn profit while assuming the market price is sensitive? Impersonations pricing 4. Which marketing system is another channel development in which two or MO re companies put together resources to exploit an emerging market opportunity? Horizontal marketing system 5. When companies estimate the demand and costs associated with alternative prices, they will choose the price that produces maximum current profit 6. What is a simple way to engage in international marketing? Licensing What type of marketing system includes the producer, wholesaler(s), and rate leer(s) acting as a unified system? Vertical marketing system 8. What type of deal takes place when the seller receives some percentage of the e payment in cash and the rest in products? Compensation deal 9. What is an ultimate form of foreign involvement? Direct ownership 10. What type of marketing channel consists of an independent producer, wholes ale(s), and retailer(s)? Conventional marketing system What takes place when dealers purchase some or all of a product line? If Line forcing 12. When a seller agrees to accept partial payment of products manufactured wit h the supplied equipment it is called free trade agreements buyback arrangement 13. When the number of intermediaries are severely limited, this means an exclusive distribution 14. What type of distribution places the goods or services in as many outlets as p Seibel? Intensive distribution 15. Which companies have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm? Purulence companies 16. Which strategy uses the manufacturers advertising, promotion, and other for ms of communication to persuade consumers? Pull strategy 17. Companies are pursuing which objective when they start with prices high and slowly drop them over time? Market skimming 18. What mode Of entry is it when local and foreign investors share ownership an d control? Joint venture 19. Which strategy is appropriate when there is low brand loyalty in a category an d brand choice is made in the store? Push strategy 20. What form describes a buyer and seller directly exchanging goods with no MO nee and no third party involved? Barter 21. Which agreements are not necessarily illegal, but they do violate U. S. Law if the eye tend to lessen competition substantially? Tying agreements Quiz Week 5 Mountain Dew is a brand known for sponsorships of adventure events such a s snowboarding and skateboarding competitions. What is the most likely objective of Mountain De was sponsorship of these events? To create perceptions of key brand image associations 2. In order to help anticipate public relations crises its important to think about the possible events that could occur and the appropriate management response. This is often referrer d to as imagining the worst is based on the premise that marketers can no longer use interruption marker ting via mass media campaigns.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 25

Leadership - Essay Example An important skill that leaders must possess is communication skills. A good leader must have superb verbal and written communication skills. Verbal communication skills are required to inspire others to achieve a higher level of performance. Managers are responsible over the performance of the company and its entire staff. Excellent communication skills are needed by managers because they are require to submit different reports to a variety of stakeholder groups which include lenders, employees, suppliers, government, board of directors, and investors. Active listening skills are important for leaders to possess. The use of active listening implies fully concentrating on what is being said rather than just passively ‘hearing’ the message of the speaker (Skillsyouneed). A leader must have excellent analytical abilities due to the fact that leaders are exposed to vast amounts of information. He must be able to dissect information in order to make good operating decisions. Since leaders have to interact with lots of persons the leader must have good people and interpersonal skills. â€Å"Interpersonal skills are measures of how adept you are at interacting with others† (Ncsu). Leaders are assertive and have confidence in themselves. Two important abilities that leaders have are collaboration and teamwork. Teamwork has become a critical success factor in the 21st century. Leadership skills can be enhanced through the use of teamwork. Negotiation skills are also a part of the skill set of a leader. An important role that a leader must perform is to motivate others. A technique that leaders such as managers can use to motivate others is intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. An example of an extrinsic reward is offering financial incentives such as bon uses, while an intrinsic reward could be giving an employee a pad in the back for a job well done. Using teamwork can help develop the leadership, communication, and problem solving skills of the staff. A

Strategic Marketing (Jet Star) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Marketing (Jet Star) - Assignment Example The key stakeholders of Jetstar are the frequent air travellers and tourists travelling around the world, the government who regulates the law and regulations within the airline industry and supplementary companies that depend heavily on airline industry, companies and industries which directly affect the functioning of airline industry, such as manufacturing, services etc and investors (Lamberg, Savage and Pajunen 2003, 388). 1.3. Overall performance The Jetstar Group is the largest low cost airline in the Asia Pacific by in terms of revenue, the airline carrier is considered as the largest low cost passenger in the Asia pacific region. It has provided service to more than 100 million passengers since its launch in the year 2004. More than 20 million passengers were carried during the fiscal 2011-2012. Jetstar is considered as the fastest-growing airline in the Asia Pacific. It reached this milestone in a short span of seven years. When Jetstar was established in 2004, it had a tota l of 400 employees (Qantas, 2013). Now the number has grown to more than 7,000 across the Asia Pacific today. The Jetstar Group carries off over 3,000 flights a week collectively, to 57 destinations in 16 countries. It also serves the territories across the Asia Pacific region with a fleet of around 95 aircrafts. The airline has shown steady profits since its inception in 2004. The airline recorded an EBIT (Earnings before Interest and Taxes) of 203 million dollars in 2011-12, and a 20 per cent increase on the previous financial year. During the same period the overall capacity of Jetstar increased by 14 percent and the airline carried 20.6 million passengers, registering an 11 percent increase on the last financial year (Qantas, 2013). The total revenue earned by the airline was... Jetstar Airways Private Limited is a part of the Qantas group, as a wholly owned subsidiary. The group company, Qantas was founded in Queensland in the year 1920. The main business of the group includes transportation of customers using their two major airline brands. The group is also involved in subsidiary business, which includes other airlines, and specialist business markets such as catering. Jetstar was established by the Qantas group in the year 2004 as a low-cost service provider. This low cost carrier was established as a part of the group company’s branding strategy, where Qantas focused on the business and premium market and Jetstar focused on leisure market. The mission of Jetstar is to provide every day low fares with the aim of attracting more customers to fly to more places, more often. The objective of the airline is to have the lowest fares on all the routes where it operates and backs every airline fare with a Price Beat Guarantee. Jetstar follow the policy o f giving discount of 10 percent in case the route, the fare and the timings of any rival airlines are comparatively similar. This is the positioning strategy which the company followed to gain a competitive edge. Like others airline companies, Jetstar offers varied services. The aircraft provides business and economy class travelling facilities. The airline operates both domestic as well as international flights. The airline provides specific facilities for customers according to their requests. The airline is divided into six group companies. Jetstar has its operations in Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, New Zealand and Singapore. Jetstar New Zealand and Australia are wholly owned subsidiaries of the parent group, Qantas.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 9

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Having being founded in 1984, the company has extensively invested in geothermal energy under the leadership of John Watson, the current chairman and CEO. Chevron success has not only been based on the product diversification but also due to merger and acquisition strategies that it has adopted. Some of the notable companies that Chevron has acquired include Texaco in 2000, GM Ovonics, Unocal Corporation and ATLAS Energy Incorporation among others. Chevron Corporation is an international company that has established outlets in many countries that includes Angola, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Cambodia, Liberia, Kuwait, Russia, Thailand, Ukraine and Malaysia among may other countries. In this way, the company has been able to effectively distribute its brands resulting to high sales and sustainable profit. In order to ensure that the company meets the needs of all its stakeholders, Chevron supports diversity while at the same time it fosters inclusion. The company has rich diversity of ideas that has been generated by experienced and skilled workforce. Most importantly, the company has maintained The Chevron Way, which indicates that Chevron learns from and respect the cultures in which it operates. Additionally, the company is committed to being recognized as a global leader that backs its strategies with quantifiable results. During its operations, Chevron undertakes its operations in a way that indicates respect for its emp loyees as well as the world community. One of the company achievements is that it was the first major energy firm to involve sexual orientation in its nondiscriminatory working policies. In 2012, Chevron was honored as the top corporation by Women Business Enterprise National Council due to its ability to provide adequate opportunities to women entrepreneurs. Similarly, the company was recognized in 2012 and was awarded Diversity Leader Award due to it commitment to diversity as well

Project Motorcycles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Project Motorcycles - Assignment Example According to PRWeb (2013), the Motorcycle, Bikes and Parts industry has entered the maturity stage and it is shifting its focus on the international trade. There is an increasing demand for low-cost and fuel-efficient motorcycles by the customers as they have less disposable income. In 2009, the industry revenue declined by 37.3% (Molavi, 2010) and it is forecasted that the trend will continue in the next five years to 2012 with declining percentage of 6.7% every year (â€Å"PRWeb†, 2013). Likewise, it is expected that there will be a change in the target customer as the young people are looking for the motorcycles. Previously, only old people aged above 45 years were demanding these products. With easy access to the countries where production can be done on a cheap level, the companies within the industry are employing the production processes which will save their costs and allow them to earn a huge amount of profit. There are various types of organizations in the business world but the three main forms of companies which are idle for project management purposes are functional organizations, matrix organizations and pure project management organizations (Bobera, 2008). Considering the scenario of the company, the best structure is the matrix one as it allows the managers to keep a balanced focus on both existing and new projects. Since the company is planning to manage its middleweight motorcycle and large motorcycle businesses simultaneously, the matrix structure will make sure that both projects are efficiently managed. Other positive aspects of the matrix organization for the company are that the resources can be shared among various projects, the project manager makes sure that the project work is coordinated and integrated with other units, the resources are effectively balanced to make sure that the costs and quality requirements are sufficiently met and at the end of the project the anxiety of project members is

Long term care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Long term care - Case Study Example Rehabilitation centers also constitute an important part of long-term care facilities. Ethics, on the other hand, refers to the concept of right and wrong. Ethics involves the process of defending and applauding the perception of what is right and what is wrong. Ethics defines the best way for people to live to live and tells what should happen in particular circumstances. The whole concept of ethics is based on human morality. The concept of morality in long-term care facilities go hand in hand. There are, however, various challenges that have evolved in the process of ensuring ethics in such facilities. The concept of reasoning has been a problem in long-term care facilities, especially where the patients are mentally unstable (Ekland-Olson, 2015). Mental instability impairs thinking. The patients in these facilities, therefore, propagate immorality due to the inability to reason logically. Another ethical challenge in long-term care facilities has been the increasing populations in such facilities. The concentration of patients in a small restricted area has made it relatively difficult for the authorities to monitor morality. High population makes it difficult for immoral individuals to be traced. In the United States, care facilities are one of the institutional frameworks that need the establishment of morality. Morality in such institutions can be designed and sustained by increased monitoring of individuals and strict observation of legislated policies. Necessary legal actions should be taken on any staff who does not show morality in their profession (Fan, 2010). More long-term care institutions should also be established to control the increasing challenge of overpopulated facilities. Morality in long-term care facilities should be enhanced bot only for the safety of patients under such care, but also for the moral stability of the nation as a whole. Morality in such institutions should, therefore, be maintained at the highest levels

Project Motorcycles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Project Motorcycles - Assignment Example According to PRWeb (2013), the Motorcycle, Bikes and Parts industry has entered the maturity stage and it is shifting its focus on the international trade. There is an increasing demand for low-cost and fuel-efficient motorcycles by the customers as they have less disposable income. In 2009, the industry revenue declined by 37.3% (Molavi, 2010) and it is forecasted that the trend will continue in the next five years to 2012 with declining percentage of 6.7% every year (â€Å"PRWeb†, 2013). Likewise, it is expected that there will be a change in the target customer as the young people are looking for the motorcycles. Previously, only old people aged above 45 years were demanding these products. With easy access to the countries where production can be done on a cheap level, the companies within the industry are employing the production processes which will save their costs and allow them to earn a huge amount of profit. There are various types of organizations in the business world but the three main forms of companies which are idle for project management purposes are functional organizations, matrix organizations and pure project management organizations (Bobera, 2008). Considering the scenario of the company, the best structure is the matrix one as it allows the managers to keep a balanced focus on both existing and new projects. Since the company is planning to manage its middleweight motorcycle and large motorcycle businesses simultaneously, the matrix structure will make sure that both projects are efficiently managed. Other positive aspects of the matrix organization for the company are that the resources can be shared among various projects, the project manager makes sure that the project work is coordinated and integrated with other units, the resources are effectively balanced to make sure that the costs and quality requirements are sufficiently met and at the end of the project the anxiety of project members is

Purpose of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purpose of Art - Essay Example The mood was somber yet violent depicting an ongoing fierce battle – field with a raging battle fought in defiance between male and female in order to gain supremacy. Heart of Andes was by artist Fredric Edwin Church who was born on the 4th of May 1826, in Hartford, Connecticut. He was an American landscape artist who always used a dimension of spirituality in his work and this painting was commissioned in 1859.   Interpretation of the meaning -.Beautifully executed piece of work where the artist brings out the beauty and serenity of the landscape. The meaning portrayed here is that it is possible for human beings to be one with God’s bountiful nature without destroying it. He had composed the painting with beautiful trees, rivers and mountains which remind us that it is impossible to imagine our world without them. Mood – The mood that the painting denotes is one of peace and calm showing that the artist would have been in a very peaceful mood while painting this picture. It kindles the audience to reflect on the wonderful gift of nature in all its beauty. The Volga  Boat - men,  was by ILYA Repin, a Ukrainian artist born in 1844. He was given extensive and intensive training from his childhood and became an icon painter since then. He entered St. Petersburg at the age of 19 during the time of the rebellion,  when young artists refused to work on any mythological subject but instead wanted to do  real life subjects. The Barge Hollows of Volga 1817- 1873 was his first major work. He was introduced to impressionism when he went to Paris.   Interpretation of the meaning - It shows the hard or harsh reality of life. It also depicts cheap labor almost amounting to slavery. The sad  expression on each face tells that they cannot escape. The sad and tired lines on their faces  and the dragging of  their feet give the mood of

Describe Plato Allegory of the Cave Essay Example for Free

Describe Plato Allegory of the Cave Essay Describe Plato allegory of the cave (25 marks) Plato  is one of the most important Greek philosophers and a pupil of Socrates. He founded the Academy in Athens, an institution devoted to research and instruction in philosophy and the sciences. His works on philosophy, politics and mathematics which were very influential. The complex meanings that can be perceived from the Cave can be seen in the beginning with the presence of the prisoners who are chained in the darkness of the cave. The prisoners are bound to the floor and unable to turn their heads to see what goes on behind them. To the back of the prisoners, lie the puppeteers who are casting the shadows on the wall, which the prisoners are perceiving as reality. In the beginning of the  Allegory of the Cave  Plato represents man’s condition as being â€Å"chained in a cave,† in Plato’s allegory the prisoners are chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire all the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. In platos allegory Plato believes the cave is the world the entire human race are prisoners of the world in the same way the cave represents the limits of their universe or knowledge The cave also represents misunderstanding and distraction, similarly Plato believes our body is a cave and inside the body is the soul ,and the soul is trapped inside the body in which humanity lost everything we required in the world of forms which was the true knowledge when we die the soul is released from our body. Another interpretation is when the prisoners are trapped inside the cave the prisoners represent humanity ,who don’t know what reality is, because they think reality is just what they can see (the shadows) which is really not reality at all it is mere representation of the truth The prisoners symbolize those of a sensible world unwilling to see or face reality. In their ignorance the prisoners hide away in the cave, unaware of the transcendent world These prisoners cannot move because they are restrained by chains. The only thing that they can see is a wall  To the prisoners the truth is only the wall and its shadows. The prisoners know nothing outside of the shadows at one point one of the prisoners are released he starts to see the objects of physical reality The released prisoner is a person confronted with the possibility of enlightenment who first sees the truth (the sun in the allegory) and is blinded by it. Another allegory in Platos story is The chains which hold humanity back from their own understanding these prisoners cannot move because they are restrained by chains the chains can be interpreted as a Fear of failure or   delaying something which are examples of the chains that hold back each individual from their full potential. In the allegory these chains keep the prisoners from escaping and finding the truth that is the outside world. The chains that restrain the prisoners, while real to the prisoners in the cave, are no more real than the shadows are. Another interpretation found in the allegory the cave is very dark because there is little light inside it and objects are hardly seen, The sunlight at the end of the path, would be specifically the form of good the allegory could also be about religious enlightenment, the Sun representing the light of the good, the Godly other world which the freed prisoner has surpassed to and was now able to see. The prisoner who was enlightened to religion is momentarily released from the ignorance and darkness of humanity the sun is a form of good, enlightened truth and the escaped prisoner who requires the knowledge and is obliged to return to the people in chains and enlighten them on what has been seen . Improve answer In the outer world there is light and everything is clear and visible the prisoner released from the cave into the outer world slowly and gradually begins to identify everything and becomes to realise that the outer world is the real and the cave is the unreal world likewise also Knowledge, education, and spiritual  enlightenment all symbolize the light. In Allegory of the Cave, light most commonly reflects revelation when prisoners, humanity, leave â€Å"the cave†. (unreal world) the darkness in the cave symbolically represents the world of ignorance The shadows are replicas or copies of reality. The echoes represent items in  life  that have been distorted over time due to gossip, impressions, and rumours   These shadows or teachings where blinding the prisoner from thinking outside of what was placed in front of them equally the prisoners interpret the shadows on the wall as being real who see reflections but instead are just poor shadows of images of things that exist in the outside world for example a tree is a poor reflection of a real things that exists. Above all Because of how we live, true reality is not obvious to most of us. However, we mistake what we see and hear for reality and truth his is the basic premise for Platos Allegory of the Cave, in which prisoners sit in a cave, chained down, watching images cast on the wall in front of them. They accept these views as reality and they are unable to grasp their overall situation: the cave and images are a trick a mere shadow presented to the prisoners.

Housing and Sustainable Development

Housing and Sustainable Development 1. What is ‘Sustainable development? Sustainable development is a very simple proposal of very high significance, which suggests achieving equilibrium between economic, social and environmental issues and concerns. â€Å"If we are to maintain and improve the quality of our own lives and pass that quality on to future generations, we must use finite natural resources in an efficient way without waste, and protect the natural environment to enhance the ability of future generations to maintain and improve their lives.† (Housing Corporation, 2008) There are mainly two definitions of sustainability which are related to ‘Planning Field, the first one says, â€Å"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.† (Housing Corporation, 2003) And secondly the UK definition says, â€Å"Ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come.† (Housing Corporation, 2008) The main aim of sustainable development is to ensure that the people can use the necessary services without the use of automobiles. They should be promoted to use the public transport. The placement and location of the development should be such as to modify the access to the local amenities by walking, and using public transport. The features of our built environment are very fundamental in attainment of sustainable patterns. This may include the reduction of green house gases and CO2 emissions, less pollution, preservation of the natural resourc es, consistent and comprehensive local communities and wealthy and safe economy. (Archive2 official documents, 2009) This seminar paper will try to explore the relationship between housing development and sustainability. The term ‘Sustainability is very vast and depends upon various aspects like economy, transportation, environment, social communities, residential development etc. In this seminar paper I will explain the role of housing sector in the process of achieving sustainable development. On the other side it will explain the benefits to the housing sector via achievement of sustainability. Eventually this seminar paper will enlighten the role of the planning systems in achievement of sustainable housing development, with the help of some major issues in new housing development, like transportation, higher density, social inclusion, mixed land use development and use of brown field sites. I will also try to focus on the provisions in the planning systems for the sustainable development in rural areas, with the help of PPS7. 2. Housing development and Sustainability With the reference to the above mentioned definition of sustainability, housing development plays a very important role in the achievement of sustainability, because housing development consumes the resources in its construction, maintenance and use, on a larger scale. There is a correlation between housing and sustainability, it is a two way process. Integrating morality of sustainability into housing development, its maintenance, and restoration will not make important input in accomplishment of general sustainability objectives, but it will also offer significant progress in the quality robustness and cost efficiency of the housing development. How housing development contributes to sustainability? Global climate change is the most extensive and potentially harmful environmental issue now days, as a cause of the green house gases emissions, remarkably CO2. The solution on this issue can be found in decreasing the travel overall and minimising the use of cars specifically. Housing sector also has a significant contribution to play, in features of the dwellings, the structure and the location of the housing development. The unhealthy change in the local climate occurs due to the poisonous gases and green house gases emissions from the houses in the development. This is the main reason of the contribution of housing development in achievement of sustainability. (Archive2 official documents, 2009) When the life of any building ends, the recycling and reuse of the materials and resources will help in reduction of the quarrying and other resource activities for new resources, this will eventually help in the reduction of landfill amount at the demolition of the mines and quarries.   With respect to the green house gas emissions and the higher consumption of energy from every house produces some dangerous gases like SO2 (causes acid rain), NOx and CO, these gases are very poisonous for human health. The maximum use of energy efficiency will optimistically reduce the emissions of these pollutants. There is a chance of causing the ill health effects called as, ‘sick building syndrome (Archive2 official documents, 2009) due to very compact and air-tight arrangement of houses in the development and the increasing utilisation of synthetic materials. So the cautious selection of building materials will help to enhance the use of renewable resources, helping to improve the macro and micro level climate in the development. (Housing Corporation, 2003) How sustainability benefits housing development? There are some benefits which housing development gets through sustainable patterns, like energy efficiency, social inclusion, and economic effectiveness. These terms are related with the environmental, social and economic development of the community. Many poor families are not able to heat up their houses at a required level; also some houses suffer from the condensation and dampness, which affects the health of the community. The sustainable housing development not only include the environment responsive and energy efficient houses but also will have provision of employment, schools, shops, primary health care centre etc local amenities which will be accessible for the residents of the development using public transport or by walking. This new sustainable housing development will be a mixture of various groups like income groups, age groups and tenures. This will help in achieving the social inclusion. (Archive2 official documents, 2009) 3. Planning systems and ‘sustainable housing development Achievement of the sustainable development is one of the important issues in front of our society, where we live, work. In 1992, ‘The Rio Earth Summit, documented that, in the achievement of the sustainable development, the local government has a very important role to play, because it has the control of the local development and the land use. This role of the planning systems is explained practically in the UK Governments ‘A Better Quality of Life a Strategy for Sustainable Development for the UK (May 1999). The national strategy sets out four ‘key objectives that must be achieved simultaneously: Effective protection of the environment Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment Social progress that recognises everyones needs; and Prudent use of natural resources.† (Nicholas et al, 2005) In the new planning system, as mentioned in ‘Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, the local planning authorities are supposed to encourage the sustainable development by means of application of sustainability considerations while preparing the planning documents like ‘SPD and ‘DPD. This technique will be useful for the local planning authorities to appraise the insinuation of the sustainability in their local development plans. (Dudley MBC, 2006) To achieve the broad objectives of sustainable development, the country requires a â€Å"transparent, flexible, predictable, efficient and effective planning system† (ODPM, PPS1, 2005, p3, paragraph 7). UK government has made some provisions in the planning system like, planning policy guidance and statements (revisions), national planning policy, regional planning guidance, and the code for the sustainable homes, which will provide a structure for the planning of ‘sustainable development. These provision s in made in the planning systems will optimistically help the local planning authorities to implicate and encourage the sustainable patterns in the new developments. Planning Policy Statement 1 (PPS 1) Delivering Sustainable Development (2005) states that â€Å"Planning authorities should ensure that sustainable development is treated in an integrated way in their development plans. In particular, they should carefully consider the interrelationship between social inclusion, protecting and enhancing the environment, the prudent use of natural resources and economic development.†(ODPM, PPS 1, 2005, paragraph 24). 4. Elements encouraging the ‘Sustainable housing development Mixed land use development and higher residential densities Mix land use means; use of the land, for development of houses, businesses, schools, recreational areas, etc., public, semi-public, and private development, in the close proximity of each other. There are some important prospective of the mixed land use development. It helps to reduce the often travelling because it brings the various deeds and amenities comparatively close to each other. Mixed land use development raises the ‘safety and security of the development. Also helps to increase the access to the local jobs and employment. The reduced residential density, isolated land use and detached street patterns are related with the increased automobile use and increases the ‘obesity and the persistent illness in the community. The increased residential density can minimise the ‘land take. It helps in reduction of travel and minimises the use of private vehicles by enhancing the use of public transport.   Higher residential densities decrease the area of the land r equired for roads, car parking, which helps to make the development more pedestrian responsive. It also helps in increment of Social inclusion by growing number of people inside walking distance. It helps to make the development socially strong and sustainable. Eventually this will increase the number of people on the street, which can enhance the liveliness and apparent safety of the development. The important thing to be kept in mind while providing a location for high density areas in the development is, to locate these areas nearer to the traffic nodes and should be having easy access to public transport. If the high density areas are located away from the public transport, the ‘car dependency in the development will start to increase creating the development unsustainable. Mixed land use and the increased residential density is the key in achievement of sustainable patterns and making the development more comprehensive. (Archive2 official documents, 2009) Use of Brownfield sites    In UK, the term ‘Brownfield site is described as, ‘previously developed land, and on which redevelopment is possible. In general, this land has been utilised previously for commercial or industrial development, and which is now in a dilapidated condition and probably polluted. The deficiency of ‘Green land availability for new development, in the recent time, ‘Brown field sites came in to the picture, particularly in those areas where the requirement of the ‘residential or ‘commercial development is more. The ‘Brownfield sites are meant not only for the residential or commercial development, but also can be utilised as open spaces, recreational spaces, local amenities etc. The repossession and reuse of ‘Brownfield site is a key factor of UK governments ‘Sustainable Development Strategy, which incorporates a variety of ‘economic, social and environmental objectives. Redevelopment of ‘Brownfield sites helps to improve th e environmental strength and the ugliness of the surroundings. The increased use of ‘Brownfield sites promotes the practicability of public transport, also makes helps in utilising existing communication and infrastructure. It also enhances the overall residential densities, and proposes chances for the improved quality residential developments, with the provisions of the employment and the other local amenities. The ‘Brownfield sites can be redeveloped in Urban as well as Rural areas, depending upon the accessibility and feasibility. (Archive2 official documents, 2009) Car free development (sustainable transport) Any housing development to be considered as sustainable neighbourhood development should minimise the necessity of private transport, like cars. There should be promotions to walking, cycling and use of public transport. This will not only result in reduction of the pollution but can be considered as a important factor in the creation of a healthy ‘community cohesion, a neighbourhood development, where its residents feel relaxing, walking which will result in more social interaction to make the development community healthy and wealthy. Mixed land use development and higher residential density will help in reduction of general travel and will promote walking and cycling, reducing the use of private transport. (Department for Transport, 2008) There are several ways which will encourage and promote a reduction in ‘car dependency, like Proposing entirely or partially a ‘car free environment, and maximising provision of walking plazas and designing separate tracks for cycling. Controlling car spaces and charging for residential car parking. Controlling the admissions of the cars in specific period of the day in the whole development or certain areas of it. Limitation of ‘Non-residential car parking and providing restricted parking at workplace. Promoting use, offering some concessions and favouring actions on eco-friendly cars or scooters. The transportation decisions in the proposed development will totally dependent upon its location, scale and the kind of the development proposed. Also there should be a focus on the capacity of the existing transportation network. (Department for Transport, 2008) 5. Sustainable housing development in rural areas UK government has made a provision in the form of ‘Planning Policy Statement 7 Sustainable Development in rural areas, to encourage and deliver the sustainable patterns in new housing development in rural areas. ‘The policies in PPS 7 applies to the rural areas like country towns, villages and the wider, mostly undeveloped countryside areas which are on the periphery of the larger urban settlements. (ODPM, PPS 7, 2004, p3) As specified in PPS 7, local planning authorities should emphasis on the location of the new development in rural areas, that it is near to the ‘local service centres where the basic needs like jobs, residences and the local amenities will be provided closer to each other, so that they can be accessible via public transport and by walking or cycling. (ODPM, PPS 7, 2004) In UK there are various ‘country towns and ‘villages which are having social, historical and architectural importance, or the make a considerable participation to â₠¬Ëœcountryside character. PPS 7 suggests to the local planning authorities to make sure that the proposed new housing development admires and where essential, promotes these specific values of that area. PPS 7 also advise planning authorities to prepare a ‘positive framework for enhancing the sustainable development which supports the conventional ‘land-based activities and the provide the entertaining facilities and amenities which needs the ‘country side location by making sure that doing this will not affect the value and natural characteristics of the rural area in which the development is proposed. (ODPM, PPS 7, 2004, p8) 6. Eco Housing in India- ‘Government of India had taken an initiative for encouragement of ‘Sustainability in new emerging housing developments. Currently in is being tested in ‘Pune, Maharashtra on a trial basis, and is called as ‘Eco housing policy. This initiative was formed with the partnership of the local government authorities (PMC, PCMC) with some national and international private organisations like, USIAD (United states agency for international development), TERI (Tata Energy Research Institute), IIEC (International Institute for Energy Conservation) etc. The main objective of this project to construct urban and rural sustainable ‘habitat, encouragement and distribution of the achievement gained via this project, through a Pilot study in Pune, to the other large urban cities in India. Also to start a ‘procedure of improvement in housing market for ‘Eco Housing in India to carry ‘the supply and demand of eco housing mutually, was the initiative goal of this project. This project got a financial aid by US-AEP (United States Asia Environment Partnership). The main characteristic feature of this project is estimating ‘eco-ranking of existing building output and appraisal schemes for acclimatizing to the Indian reference and creating catalogue of ‘eco-friendly materials, tools and techniques as advices and suggestions to the Builders and housing developers in Pune. (Eco Housing Corporation, 2009) Eco housing program has started to create awareness and getting noticeable reply from other ‘Municipal Corporations like Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), who appointed SciTech Part (STP), Pune for assisting MCGM in modifying the measures of the program to suit conditions of Mumbai City. (Eco Housing Corporation, 2009) 7. Summary- Housing is a corner stone component of sustainable development. Providing higher density residential development will encourage sustainable patterns like social inclusion, car free development, through planning systems. In the surrounding area there are many dilapidated sites we can find. Instead of using new green field site for the development, planners can amalgamate these waste land, and increase use of brown field sites for new development, will obviously help in encouragement in environmental and social sustainability. Doing this will help in enhancement of the surroundings of the housing development, restoring the urban form of the area. Mixed land use development will reduce the car use of the residents, bringing required amenities like shops, retails, employment within the walkable distance or by using public transport. Some rural areas having natural and architectural or historical importance should be treated carefully while proposing the new housing development. This wil l help in retaining the ‘village character of that area. Indian government also initiated an ‘eco-housing policy for encouragement of sustainable patterns in new housing developments. Though it was in a starting age, in current times many municipal corporations became aware of their own environment and social issues. They have started adopting this new policy of eco-housing. Pune Municipal Corporation with the help of University of Pune, planning to construct an institute which will help in spreading this ‘key issue of sustainability through education.

Nicholas Nickleby :: essays research papers

Nicholas Nickleby In Nicholas Nickleby ,the play, Dickens dramatically portrays real life through his characters and the experiences they face. In the play the characters are very straight forward with their emotions and everything they do seems so extreme , but at the same time real. An example of this realism, in the play, is the character of Ralph Nickleby. He is a very conniving person who uses people and takes advantage of them whenever he gets the opportunity to do so. Personally he reminds me of a greedy business man who enjoys taking people and draining them for everything they are worth. Then when they run dry he is all of a sudden not their friend. Ralph Nickleby always seemed so evil and cold. I see many similarities between the characters of Ralph Nickleby and Scrooge from A Christmas Carol. They both are very greedy men who only care about themselves. Another very good example of realism in the play is Ralph Nickleby’s niece and nephew. Nicholas Nickleby and his sister Kate are very benevolent people. They are very caring and excepting of others. They reach out to the people who need it the most. When Nicholas saw Smike and the rest of Dotheboys Hall he was shocked and saddened to see how they were treated by the Squires. Nicholas and Kate are almost opposites of their uncle, Ralph. Smike is one of those people who make you feel bad when you feel sorry for your self because even though he had never really received love from anyone he was a loving and caring person. He was grateful of what he had when he had nothing. He was very appreciative of Nicholas’ and Kate’s caring treatment to him and he always made that clear. He is somebody who we could all learn a thing or two from. The Mantolini’s are a family of snobby people. They own a dress shop where the rich go for their clothing and that makes them believe that they are God’s gift. They are trying too hard to fit in with the rich

John Gibbons Truth in Action :: John Gibbons Truth Action Essays

John Gibbons' "Truth in Action" ABSTRACT: John Gibbons tries to show that the notion of similarities and differences between different cases of events reveals the relevance of relational properties, which are of causal relevance. Based on such considerations, Gibbons' main claim is that the truth value somebody assigns to his or her beliefs has causal power. This means that the deflationary theory of truth becomes false. The questions therefore are: (1) What are the similarities and differences between different cases? (2) What kind of properties are relational properties? (3) What is the causal relevance of such relational properties, and why should the truth value be of causal relevance? (4) Why can Gibbons not show that the truth value has the relevant causal power? On the basis of some examples John Gibbons tries to show that the notion of similarities and differences between different cases of events reveals the relevance of relational properties, which are of causal relevance. Based on such considerations Gibbons' main claim is that the truth value somebody assigns to his beliefs has causal power. And so the deflationary theory of truth becomes false. So, the questions are: what are (i) similarities and differences between different cases, (ii) what kind of properties are relational properties, and (iii) what is the causal relevance of such relational properties, and why should the truth value be of causal relevance? (iv) Why Gibbons cannot show that the truth value has the relevant causal power? (i) What are similarities and differences between different cases? Gibbons assumes events (1) to speak about cases of particular actions and of particular physical states of affairs, however, he does not distinguish them, he simply speaks in both cases about behavior and their causes or about behavioral events. The example of behavioral events E1 and E2 Gibbons uses is the following: The pure actions A are: A1 Marcia stopped at the red light. A2 Greg stopped at the red light. The action for achieving A: (2) AA1 squeezing a lever with the right hand AA2 pressing a pedal with the foot Additional features of A: af1 cast a shadow in my direction ??? af2 ??? (3) The aim of action A is: aiml wanted to avoid getting a ticket. aim2 wanted to avoid getting a ticket.